Reference with Harvard

About In-Text Citations

Minimum information is given in the text of your assignment – usually just the authors’ family name(s) and a date of publication. Sometimes a page number will show the exact place from which the information came. Usually the in-text citation is placed within brackets in the text. Sometimes the author is an organisation, not an individual. If the source material contains both the names of authors and the organisation for which they work, use only the authors’ names.

The in-text citation can appear in two ways. If a piece of information is referenced without mention of the author in the text, then a bracket is used with the author and a date of publication of the work.

When considering immoral behaviour like dishonesty and lying it is hard to predict the relationship between beliefs and behaviours (Pollock 2010).

Sometimes the author is referred to in the written text. In that case all that is needed is the date of publication in a bracket after the author’s name.

The Australian Crime Commission (2011) describes the potential for corruption thus...

If you make a direct quote of the exact words of a speaker you must include a page number.

‘Petrol sniffing has become emblematic of the situation of many young Aboriginal people in rural or remote communities’ (Chivell 1997, p. 31).

Place the in-text citation as close to the source of information as possible:

Ethics involves thinking and discussing what could be and involves a willingness to think beyond current reality. Lee (2007, p. 7) suggests that ‘the fact that yesterday’s seemingly far-fetched hypothetical becomes today’s actual case affirms the value of speculating on imaginary hard cases’.

Several In-text Citations at the One Place in the Text

Separate several source citations related to one idea in the text with a semi-colon and are arranged alphabetically:

The long standing debate about the value of a developmental pathways approach to crime prevention (Hil 1999; Homel 2000; Wyn & Whyte 1997) makes it timely…

Multiple works by the same author/s in different years at the same point in the text

After the author/s name put the dates of each work separated with a comma

(Gardiner 2001, 2004)

Multiple works by the same author/s in the same year

When you are including more than one work written by the same author/s in the same year, include a lower case letter beside the year of publication to distinguish different items.

(Mouzos & Rushforth 2003a, p.5)

(Mouzos & Rushforth 2003b, p.2)

This information has been taken from Navitas College of Public Safety Author-Date Referencing Guide, pp.7-10.