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APA:
Preston, N. (2014). Understanding ethics (4th ed.). The Federation Press.
White, R., Perrone, S., & Howes, L. (2019). Crime, criminality and criminal justice (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press.
Owens, P., Springwood, B., & Wilson, M. (2012). Creative ethical practice in counselling & psychotherapy (5th ed.). Sage
Carabine, E., Cox, P., Lee, M., Plummer, N., & South, N. (2009) Criminology: a sociological introduction (2nd ed). Routledge.
Kring, A.M., Johnson, S., Davidson, G., Neal, J., Kyrios, M., Fassnacht, D., Lambros, A., Mihaljcic, T., Teesson, M., Matthewson, M., Morton, E., Kate, M., Harris, A., Izadikhah, Z., Piovesana, A., Crowley-Cyr, L., Baillie, A., Mewton, L., Johnson, L. & Middleton, W. (2019), Abnormal psychology, (1st Australasian ed.)., Milton, QLD: John Wiley and Sons.
Harvard (Author-Date):
Preston, N 2014, Understanding ethics, 4th edn, The Federation Press, Annandale, N.S.W.
American Psychiatric Association 2013, Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5, 5th edn, American Psychiatric Association, Washington DC.
White, R, Perrone, S & Howes, L 2019, Crime, criminality and criminal justice, 3rd edn, Oxford University Press, Docklands, Vic.
Owens, P, Springwood, B & Wilson, M 2012, Creative ethical practice in counselling & psychotherapy, 5th edn, Oxford University Press, South Melbourne, Vic.
Carabine, E, Cox, P, Lee, M, Plummer, N & South, N 2009, Criminology: a sociological introduction, 2nd edn, Routledge, London.
Kring, AM, Johnson, S, Davidson, G, Neal, J, Kyrios, M, Fassnacht, D, Lambros, A, Mihaljcic, T, Teesson, M, Matthewson, M, Morton, E, Kate, M, Harris, A, Izadikhah, Z, Piovesana, A, Crowley-Cyr, L, Baillie, A, Mewton, L, Johnson, L & Middleton, W 2019, Abnormal psychology, 1st Australasian edn, John Wiley and Sons Australia, Milton, QLD.
APA:
White, R., Perrone, S., & Howes, L. (2019). Crime, criminality and criminal justice (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press.
Note: If a book doesn't have a DOI, finish the reference with the publisher's name.
Harvard (Author-Date):
White, R, Perrone, S & Howes, L 2019, Crime, criminality and criminal justice, 3rd edn, Oxford University Press, Docklands, Vic.
Note: When referencing in Author-Date style, use the standard print format for referencing ebooks.
APA
Israel, M. (2017). Victims and criminal justice. In D. Palmer, W. De Lint & D. Dalton (Eds.), Crime and justice: a guide to criminology (5th ed.). (pp.517-538). Thomson Reuters (Professional).
Cunneen, C. & Porter, A. (2017). Indigenous peoples and criminal justice in Australia. In A. Deckert & R. Sarre (Eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of Australian and New Zealand Criminology, Crime and Justice (pp.667-682). Palgrave Macmillan.10.1007/978-3-319-55747-2
Boyles, J., Turner, A & Tolman, J. (2019). Social work with survivors of torture. In L Wroe., R. Larkin & R.A. Maglajlic (Eds.), Social Work with Refugees, Asylum Seekers and Migrants: Theory and Skills for Practice (pp.163-184). Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Harvard (Author-Date):
Note: if you use the print version or the electronic version, these chapters are referenced the same way.
Israel, M 2017, 'Victims and criminal justice', in D Palmer, W De Lint & D Dalton (eds), Crime and justice: a guide to criminology, Thomson Reuters (Professional), Pyrmont, NSW, pp.517-538.
Cunneen, C & Porter, A 2017, 'Indigenous peoples and criminal justice in Australia', in A Deckert & R Sarre (eds), The Palgrave Handbook of Australian and New Zealand Criminology, Crime and Justice, Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, Switzerland, pp.667-682.
Boyles, J, Turner, A & Tolman, J 2019, 'Social work with survivors of torture', in L Wroe., R. Larkin & R.A. Maglajlic (eds.), Social Work with Refugees, Asylum Seekers and Migrants: Theory and Skills for Practice, Jessica Kingsley Publishers., London, pp.163-184.
APA:
Carrington, K. (2006). Does feminism spoil girls? Explanations for official rises in female delinquency. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 39 (1), 34-53. https://doi-org.ezproxy.navitas.com/10.1375/acri.39.1.34
Easteal, P., Bartels, L., & Mittal, R. (2019). The importance of understanding the victims’‘reality’ of domestic violence. Alternative Law Journal, 44(1), 11-16. https://doi-org.ezproxy.navitas.com/10.1177/1037969X18790040
Harvard (Author-Date):
Carrington, K 2006, 'Does feminism spoil girls? Explanations for official rises in female delinquency', Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 34-53.
Easteal, P, Bartels, L & Mittal, R 2019, 'The importance of understanding the victims’‘reality’ of domestic violence', Alternative Law Journal, vol. 44, no. 1, pp.11-16.
Note: if you use the print version or a PDF downloaded from a database, the article is referenced the same way.
APA:
Personal Authors
Flatau, P, Zaretzky, K, Valentine, k, McNelis, S, Spinney, A, Wood...Habibis, D. (2017). Inquiry into funding and delivery of programs to reduce homelessness: final report (No. 279). REPOA. https://www.ahuri.edu.au/research/final-reports/279
Group Authors
Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2019, July 9). Recorded Crime - Victims, Australia, 2019, (No. 4510.0).
https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/PrimaryMainFeatures/4510.0?OpenDocument
Crime and Corruption Commission Queensland. (2020, January). Corruption in focus: A guide to dealing with corrupt conduct in the Queensland public sector. https://www.ccc.qld.gov.au/sites/default/files/Docs/Publications/CCC/Corruption-in-focus-Guide-2020.pdf
Department of Aboriginal and Torres Straight Island Partnerships. (2016-2017). Annual bulletin for Queensland’s discrete Indigenous communities. Queensland Government. https://www.datsip.qld.gov.au/publications-governance-resources/discrete-indigenous-communities-key-indicator-reports
Harvard (Author-Date):
Personal Authors
Flatau, P, Zaretzky, K, valentine, k, McNelis, S, Spinney, A, Wood, L, MacKenzie, D & Habibis, D 2017, Inquiry into funding and delivery of programs to reduce homelessness, AHURI Final Report No. 279, Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute Limited, Melbourne.
Group Authors
Australia. Parliament. Joint Standing Committee on Migration. (2013). Inquiry into migration and multiculturalism in Australia, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra.
Australian Bureau of Statistics 2019, Recorded Crime - Victims, Australia, 2018, cata. no. 4510.0, viewed 31 October 2019 from
< https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/PrimaryMainFeatures/4510.0?OpenDocument >
Crime and Corruption Commission Queensland 2020, Corruption in focus: A guide to dealing with corrupt conduct in the Queensland public sector, Crime and Corruption Commission Queensland, Brisbane.
Queensland. Department of Aboriginal and Torres Straight Island Partnerships. (2016-2017). Annual bulletin for Queensland’s discrete Indigenous communities. Queensland Government.Viewed 16 October 2020 from < https://www.datsip.qld.gov.au/publications-governance-resources/discrete-indigenous-communities-key-indicator-reports >
Note: The Book referencing format is used when referencing PDF reports.
APA
One Author
Paraphrasing:
Parenthetical: (Preston, 2014)
Narrative: Preston (2014) discusses the concept of...
Quoting:
Parenthetical: "It is probably easier to identify lying than it is to nominate the "truth"" (Preston, 2014, p.76).
Narrative: Preston (2014) states that "it is probably easier to identify lying than it is to nominate the "truth"" (p.76).
Two Authors
Parenthetical: (White & Perrone, 2014)
With a page reference: (White & Perrone, 2014, p.55)
Narrative: White & Perrone (2014) explore the characteristics ...
Three Authors or More
Parenthetical: (White et al., 2019)
With a page reference (White et al., 2019, p.78)
Narrative: White et al., (2019)...
Harvard (Author Date)
One Author
Paraphrasing:
Parenthetical: (Preston 2014)
With a page reference: (Preston 2014, p.65)
Narrative: Preston (2014)...
With a page reference: Preston (2014, p.65)...
Quoting:
"It is probably easier to identify lying than it is to nominate the "truth"" (Preston, 2014, p.76).
Preston (2014, p.76) states that "it is probably easier to identify lying than it is to nominate the "truth"".
Two Authors
General: (White & Perrone 2014)
With a page reference: (White & Perrone 2014, p. 55)
Three Authors
General: (White, Perrone & Howes 2019)
With a page reference: (White, Perrone & Howes 2019, p. 78)
More Than three Authors
Use et al. after the first author.
General: (Carrabine et al. 2009)
With a page reference: (Carrabine et al. 2009, p. 82)
General: (Kring et al. 2019)
With a page reference: (Kring et al. 2019, p.105)
An Organisational Author - APA
Parenthetical: (Australian Institute of Criminology [AIC], 2005).
Note: if you include the acronym in brackets the first time - use AIC consistently after this.
Parenthetical: (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2010).
Note: if you include the acronym in brackets the first time - use APA consistently after this.
An Organisational Author - Harvard (Author Date)
Parenthetical: (Australian Institute of Criminology 2005)
Parenthetical: (American Psychiatric Association 2013)
Multiple Works by the Same Author in the Same Year - APA
If you use two sources published by the same author in the same year, place a lower-case letter after the year.
For example, let's say you use the following articles in your assignment.
Sarre, R. (2015). Challenging firearm idolatry. The John Whitmer Historical Association Journal, 35(2), 202-210.
Sarre, R. (2015). Gun control in Australia: a criminological perspective. Salus Journal, 3(3), 1-13.
Your in-text references should look like this:
Parenthetical: (Sarre, 2015a)
With a page reference: (Sarre 2015a, p. 207)
AND
Parenthetical: (Sarre, 2015b)
With a page reference: (Sarre, 2015b, p. 4)
Assign the letter a to the first article cited in your essay, b to the next article cited, and so on.
Remember to add the letters to the references in your reference list as well.
Multiple Works by the Same Author in the Same Year - Harvard (Author Date)
If you use two sources published by the same author in the same year, place a lower-case letter after the year.
For example, let's say you use the following articles in your assignment.
Sarre, R 2015, 'Challenging firearm idolatry', The John Whitmer Historical Association Journal, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 202-210.
Sarre, R 2015, 'Gun control in Australia: a criminological perspective', Salus Journal, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 1-13.
Your in-text references should look like this:
Parenthetical: (Sarre 2015a)
With a page reference: (Sarre 2015a, p. 207)
AND
Parenthetical: (Sarre 2015b)
With a page reference: (Sarre 2015b, p. 4)
Assign the letter a to the first article cited in your essay, b to the next article cited, and so on.
Remember to add the letters to the references in your reference list as well.
When referencing a chapter from an edited book in-text, remember to use the chapter author/s (not the book editors).
APA
One Author
Paraphrasing:
Reference at the end of the sentence: (Israel, 2015)
With a page reference: (Israel, 2015, p.517)
Quoting:
"For many years the very people most directly harmed by crime were largely excluded from the criminal justice process". (Israel, 2015, p. 517).
Israel (2015) states that "For many years the very people most directly harmed by crime were largely excluded from the criminal justice process" (p.517).
Two Authors
Reference at the end of the sentence: (Cunneen & Porter, 2017)
With a page reference: (Cunneen & Porter, 2017, p.668)
Three - Five Authors
General - first time: (Boyles, Turner & Tolman, 2019)
General - subsequent: (Boyles et al., 2019)
With a page reference - first time: (Boyles, Turner & Tolman, 2019, p.168)
With a page reference - subsequent: (Boyles et al., 2019, p.168)
Harvard (Author Date)
One Author
Paraphrasing:
Reference at the end of the sentence: (Israel 2017)
With a page reference: (Israel 2015, p. 517)
Quoting:
"For many years the very people most directly harmed by crime were largely excluded from the criminal justice process". (Israel 2015, p. 517).
Israel (2015, p.517) states that "For many years the very people most directly harmed by crime were largely excluded from the criminal justice process".
Preston (2014, p.76) states that "it is probably easier to identify lying than it is to nominate the "truth"".
Two Authors
General: (Cunneen & Porter 2017)
With a page reference: (Cunneen & Porter 2017, p.668)
Three Authors
General: (Boyles, Turner & Tolman 2019, p.168)
With a page reference: (Boyles, Turner & Tolman 2019, p.168)
Conventions for in-text referencing follow the same formats outlined for books. However, a few examples for journal articles are included below.
APA
One - Two Authors
Paraphrasing:
Reference at the end of the sentence: (Carrington, 2006)
With a page reference: (Carrington, 2006, p.35)
Quoting:
"Young women represent the fastest growing population within juvenile justice systems around the world". (Carrington, 2006, p.35).
Carrington (2006) states that Young women represent the fastest growing population within juvenile justice systems around the world" (p.35).
Three Authors or More
Parenthetical: (Easteal et al., 2019)
With a page reference - first time: (Easteal, Bartels & Mittal, 2019, p. 14)
Narrative: Easteal et al. (2019) discusses...
Harvard (Author Date)
One Author
Paraphrasing:
Reference at the end of the sentence: (Carrinton 2006)
With a page reference: (Carrington 2006, p.35)
Quoting:
'Young women represent the fastest growing population within juvenile justice systems around the world' (Carrington 2006, p.35).
Carrinton (2006, p.35) states that 'Young women represent the fastest growing population within juvenile justice systems around the world'.
Two - Three Authors
General: (Easteal, Bartels & Mittal, 2019)
With a page reference: (Easteal, Bartels & Mittal, 2019, p.14)
APA:
Australian Bureau of Statistics
"In 2018 the number of victims recorded for Sexual assault increased for the seventh consecutive year to 26,312 victims nationally" (Australian Bureau of Statistics [ABS], 2019).
Subsequent references for this report will look like this: (ABS, 2019).
Non-Government Reports
Re: Inquiry into funding and delivery... There are eight authors, therefore the conventions for a publication with three authors or more are followed when referencing this report in-text (The reference list entry is listed in the reference list section above).
The in-text entry will look like this: (Flatau, et al., 2017) or with a page number (Flatau, et al., 2017, p.28)
Harvard (Author-Date):
Australian Bureau of Statistics
General: (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2019)
Non-Government Reports
General: (Flatau et al. 2017)
With a page reference: (Flatau et al. 2017, p.58)