ACAP Learning Resources: Reference in APA 7: Reference Lists

Reference List Entries: Basic Principles

Author. (Date). Stand alone title in italics. Source.

Author. (Date). Title of part or section of the whole. Title of the whole work in italics. Source.

Any sources you refer to in-text must appear in the reference list and the reference list must only contain sources you have referred to in-text. Different types of resources are referenced in slightly different ways but usually have the same four basic ingredients. These include:

Author	The person, persons, and/or group responsible for the work
Date	The date the work was published (or the indicator “n.d.” if no date of publication is available)
Title	The title of the work being cited
Source	The location where readers can retrieve the cited work

Abbreviations

Acceptable abbreviations to use in your citations include:

Abbreviation	Book or publication part
[ca. YEAR]	Circa (estimated date) - [ca. 1894]
ed.	edition - (2nd ed.). (3rd ed.) (4th ed.).
Rev. ed.	Revised edition
2nd Aust. ed.	second Australian edition
Ed. (Eds.)	Editor (Editors) - J. M. Edwards (Ed.). Smith, K., & Jones, D. (eds.).
Trans.	Translator(s) - T. L. Tarkovsky (Trans.).
n.d.	no date - Department of Health (n.d.)
p. or pp.	page or page range - (p. 21) or (pp. 21-34)
Vol.	Volume - (Vol. 4)
Vols.	Volumes - (Vols. 1-4)
Tech. Rep.	Technical Report
Suppl.	Supplement

Inclusions & Exclusions

Almost all in-text citations will appear in the reference list. It pays to double check your assessment pieces to ensure there are not any missing reference entries. The following sources will not require reference list entires, as they are too difficult to recover or are too broadly used to require a specific entry:

Personal communications	Emails, phone calls, text messages, or person-to-person communications.
General mentions	Websites, whole periodicals, or apps (Include a full reference if more than a general mention)
Epigraphs	Inspirational quotes or inscriptions that set the stage for a work but do not contribute to the assessment topic.
Interviews	Ideas or quotations from research participants, interviewees, or individual clients
Meta-analysis	References which are marked with an asterisk in the reference list, may be cited in the text (or not) at the author’s discretion. This application applies to meta-analyses only.